The semi-domesticated nature of the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.) makes it a distinct case
among the world's herbivores. Here, we review the literature on how reindeer shape …

The choice of tree species used in production forests matters for biodiversity and ecosystem
services. In Sweden, damage to young production forests by large browsing herbivores is …

Several experimental studies support the effectiveness of lichen diversity as an indicator of
environmental change. On the contrary, the potential of functional trait values of epiphytic …

This review aims at summarizing literature on epiphytic lichens in relation with forest
management in temperate deciduous forests of Europe, including suggestions for mitigating …

The rotation length is a key component of even-aged forest management systems. Using
Fennoscandian forestry as a case, we review the socio-ecological implications of modifying …

Thin, hair‐like lichens (Alectoria, Bryoria, Usnea) form conspicuous epiphyte communities
across the boreal biome. These poikilohydric organisms provide important ecosystem …

Metapopulation dynamics have received much attention in population biology and
conservation. Most studies have dealt with species whose population turnover rate is much …

For several epiphyte species, dispersal limitation and metapopulation dynamics have been
suggested. We studied the relative importance of local environmental conditions and spatial …

Summary 1 Deciduous trees within a coniferous forest landscape provide habitat for many
organisms. Single trees in deciduous forests form dynamic patches that emerge, grow and …

Epiphytic lichens are an important part of the vegetation of northern coniferous forests of
Eurasia and North America. Much progress has been made during recent decades at …