Abstract mitigation guidelines—that is, the applied mitigation measures in specific E&P
activities should Offshore hydrocarbon exploration and production be proportional with the …

The eastern North Pacific gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) population is considered
“recovered” since the days of commercial whaling, with a population of over 25,000 animals …

In 2015, two oil and gas companies conducted seismic surveys along the northeast coast of
Sakhalin Island, Russia, near western gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) feeding areas …

Western gray whales (WGW) Eschrichtius robustus are considered one of the world's most
endangered baleen whale populations. Development of oil and gas fields in northeastern …

Gray whales utilizing their foraging grounds off northeastern Sakhalin Island, Russia, have
been increasingly exposed to anthropogenic activities related to oil and gas development …

Abstract Exxon Neftegas Ltd.(ENL) carried out three 4D seismic surveys during the summer
of 2015. Seismic operations in two of these fields (Odoptu and Chayvo) ensonified the …

Changing climate patterns strongly influence marine ecosystems across the Pacific Arctic
region creating significant ecosystem transitions and change. Macrobenthic species are …

The Galveston Ship Channel (GSC) is a narrow, congested waterway that supports large-
scale shipping, commercial fishing, dolphin tourism, and recreation. Human activity and …

The western gray whale population is endangered with approximately 175 individuals and
33 known reproductive females. Photo-identification studies were conducted from 2002 …

Oil and gas development off northeastern Sakhalin Island, Russia, has exposed the western
gray whale population on their summer-fall foraging grounds to a range of anthropogenic …