One of the most common malignant tumors is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Progression
of HCC mainly results from highly complex molecular and pathological pathways. Midkine …

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and heparan sulfate proteoglycans are major constituents
of the extracellular matrix and the cell surface in the brain. Proteoglycans bind with many …

Midkine is a heparin-binding cytokine or a growth factor with a molecular weight of 13 kDa.
Midkine binds to oversulfated structures in heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate. The …

Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is highly expressed in brain. IL-34 signaling via its cognate receptor,
colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R), is required for the development of microglia …

Midkine (MK) is a heparin‐binding growth factor or cytokine and forms a small protein family,
the other member of which is pleiotrophin. MK enhances survival, migration, cytokine …

It is becoming increasingly recognized that hydrogen peroxide (HP) plays a role in cell
proliferation and migration. In the present study we found that exogenous HP significantly …

Midkine (MK) and pleiotrophin (PTN) belong to the subfamily of heparin binding growth
factors. They have ca. 50% structural homology, with similar C-and N-domains as well as …

Midkine (MK) is a heparin-binding cytokine, and promotes growth, survival, migration and
other activities of target cells. After describing the general properties of MK, this review …

Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a secreted heparin-binding growth factor that through its receptor
protein tyrosine phosphatase beta/zeta (RPTPβ/ζ) has a significant regulatory effect on …

Chondroitin sulfate E (CS‐E) is a glycosaminoglycan containing type‐E disaccharide units
(sulfated at C‐4 and C‐6 of N‐acetylgalactosamine). CS‐E is covalently linked to a core …