Sexual dimorphism refers to differences between biological sexes that extend beyond
sexual characteristics. In humans, sexual dimorphism in the immune response has been …

The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) involves complex interactions between genetic
susceptibility and environmental triggers. Clinical observations suggest that the study of sex …

Drug-target interaction (DTI) is the basis of drug discovery and design. It is time consuming
and costly to determine DTI experimentally. Hence, it is necessary to develop computational …

Factors that regulate leukocyte entry and spread through CNS parenchyma during different
types of CNS insults are incompletely understood. Reactive astrocytes have been implicated …

Most autoimmune diseases are more common in women than in men. This may be caused
by differences in sex hormones, sex chromosomes, or both. In this study, we determined if …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease characterized by inflammation and demyelination.
Currently, the cause of MS is unknown. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) …

Estrogens regulate various normal and pathophysiological processes including cancers.
Cellular signaling by estrogens is mediated by estrogen receptor α (ERα) and β (ERβ) …

Estradiol, either from peripheral or central origin, activates multiple molecular
neuroprotective and neuroreparative responses that, being mediated by estrogen receptors …

Women are more susceptible to a variety of autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), primary biliary cirrhosis, rheumatoid arthritis …

Estrogens are critical mediators of multiple and diverse physiologic effects throughout the
body in both sexes, including the reproductive, cardiovascular, endocrine, nervous, and …