Vascular calcification (VC) is highly prevalent in aging, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney
disease (CKD). VC is a strong predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the CKD …

Due to its high degree of contagiousness and like almost no other virus, SARS-CoV-2 has
put the health of the world population on alert. COVID-19 can provoke an acute inflammatory …

Soft-tissue calcification is a prominent feature in both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and
experimental Klotho deficiency, but whether Klotho deficiency is responsible for the …

Calcium (Ca2+) and phosphate (PO43−) homeostasis are coordinated by systemic and local
factors that regulate intestinal absorption, influx and efflux from bone, and kidney excretion …

The metabolically active and perpetually remodeling calcium phosphate–based
endoskeleton in terrestrial vertebrates sets the demands on whole-organism calcium and …

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has a pivotal role in the maintenance of extracellular
volume homeostasis and blood pressure through complex mechanisms. Apart from the well …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an inherently systemic disease that refers to a long-term
loss of kidney function. The progression of CKD has repercussions for other organs, leading …

Background—Klotho is known to function as a cofactor for the phosphatonin, fibroblast
growth factor (FGF)-23 at the kidney. FGF-23 levels rise in chronic kidney disease (CKD) …

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 is a phosphaturic hormone whose physiologic actions on
target tissues are mediated by FGF receptors (FGFR) and klotho, which functions as a co …

Fibrosis is a pathological process characterized by infiltration and proliferation of
mesenchymal cells in interstitial space. A substantial portion of these cells is derived from …