Dietary restriction with adequate nutrition is the gold standard for delaying ageing and
extending healthspan and lifespan in diverse species, including rodents and non-human …

Repeated, episodic bouts of skeletal muscle contraction undertaken frequently as structured
exercise training are a potent stimulus for physiological adaptation in many organs …

Viewing metabolism through the lens of exercise biology has proven an accessible and
practical strategy to gain new insights into local and systemic metabolic regulation. Recent …

The continual supply of ATP to the fundamental cellular processes that underpin skeletal
muscle contraction during exercise is essential for sports performance in events lasting …

Health is usually defined as the absence of pathology. Here, we endeavor to define health
as a compendium of organizational and dynamic features that maintain physiology. The …

The first report demonstrating that prolonged endurance exercise promotes oxidative stress
in humans was published more than 4 decades ago. Since this discovery, many ensuing …

Free radicals are chemical species (atoms, molecules, or ions) containing one or more
unpaired electrons in their external orbitals and generally display a remarkable reactivity …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a small free radical with critical signaling roles in physiology and
pathophysiology. The generation of sufficient NO levels to regulate the resistance of the …

Antioxidant supplementation, including vitamin E and C supplementation, has recently
received recognition among athletes as a possible method for enhancing athletic …

Photobiomodulation (PBM) involves the use of red or near‐infrared light at low power
densities to produce a beneficial effect on cells or tissues. PBM therapy is used to reduce …