Converging lines of inquiry from across the social and biological sciences target the adult
sex ratio (ASR; the proportion of males in the adult population) as a fundamental population …

Emerging large-scale datasets coupled with statistical advances have provided new insights
into the processes that generate the latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG). But many of these …

Animal coloration is one of the most conspicuous aspects of human-perceived organismal
diversity, yet also one of the least understood. In particular, explaining why species have …

It has long been suggested that tropical species are generally more colourful than temperate
species, but whether latitudinal gradients in organismal colourfulness exist remains …

Groups of animals inhabit vastly different sensory worlds, or umwelten, which shape
fundamental aspects of their behaviour. Yet the sensory ecology of species is rarely …

Natural history collections are yielding more information as digitization brings specimen data
to researchers, connects specimens across museums, and as new technologies allow for …

Several theories predict that rates of phenotypic evolution should be related to the rate at
which new lineages arise. However, drawing general conclusions regarding the coupling …

Birds exhibit remarkable variation in plumage patterns, both within individual feathers and
among plumage patches. Differences in the size, shape, and location of pigments and …

Characterizing how variation in the tempo and mode of evolution has structured the
phenotypic diversity of extant species is a central goal of macroevolution,–. However …

Communicating species identity is a key component of many animal signals. However,
whether selection for species recognition systematically increases signal diversity during …