Twenty-five years have passed since the discovery of cyclic dimeric (3′→ 5′) GMP (cyclic
di-GMP or c-di-GMP). From the relative obscurity of an allosteric activator of a bacterial …

Research on the discovery and characterization of small, regulatory RNAs in bacteria has
exploded in recent years. These sRNAs act by base pairing with target mRNAs with which …

The last few decades have led to an explosion in our understanding of the major roles that
small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) play in regulatory circuits and the responses to stress in …

On the stage of bacterial signal transduction and regulation, bis-(3′-5′)-cyclic dimeric
guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) has long played the part of Sleeping Beauty. c-di …

Small RNA regulators (sRNAs) have been identified in a wide range of bacteria and found to
play critical regulatory roles in many processes. The major families of sRNAs include true …

The bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP): carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS)
carries out both catalytic and regulatory functions. It catalyzes the transport and …

Most bacterial pathogens have the remarkable ability to flourish in the external environment
and in specialized host niches. This ability requires their metabolism, physiology, and …

Bacteria possess numerous and diverse means of gene regulation using RNA molecules,
including mRNA leaders that affect expression in cis, small RNAs that bind to proteins or …

The ability of Salmonella to form complex surface-associated communities, called biofilms,
contributes to its resistance and persistence in both host and non-host environments and is …

The formation of bacterial biofilms is initiated by cells transitioning from the free-swimming
mode of growth to a surface. This review is aimed at highlighting the common themes that …