Background Endoscopic skull‐base surgery (ESBS) is employed in the management of
diverse skull‐base pathologies. Paralleling the increased utilization of ESBS, the literature in …

Introduction Since the early use of the endoscopic view for treating simple intrasellar
pituitary adenomas, the skull base surgery has experienced an unprecedented revolution …

The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) provides a direct trajectory to ventral skull base
lesions, avoidance of brain retraction, and clear visualization of cranial nerves as they exit …

The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) has significantly evolved since its initial uses in
pituitary and sinonasal surgery. The literature is filled with reports and case series …

Minimally invasive surgical approaches for the treatment of spinal pathologies have
accelerated over the past three decades and resulted in superior functional outcomes with …

Background Over the past decades, supported by preliminary anatomic and clinical studies
exploring its feasibility and safety, experience has increased of the use of the endoscopic …

Background Endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy (EEO) has been described as a
potential approach for craniovertebral junction (CVJ) disease which could cause anterior …

Retro-odontoid pseudotumor formation consists of an abnormal growth of granulation tissue
typically posterior to the odontoid process, resulting as a manifestation of atlantoaxial …

Objectives: Identify the etiology of atlantoaxial instability. Review the evaluation of a patient
with atlantoaxial instability. Outline the management options available for atlantoaxial …

OBJECTIVE Craniocervical junction (CCJ) chordomas are a neurosurgical challenge
because of their deep localization, lateral extension, bone destruction, and tight relationship …