Lead (Pb) is an element present in the environment that negatively affects all living
organisms. To diminish its high toxicity, micro-organisms have developed several …

Pseudomonas putida is a gram-negative rod-shaped gammaproteobacterium that is found
throughout various environments. Members of the species P. putida show a diverse …

Plants often experience unfavorable conditions during their life cycle that impact their growth
and sometimes their survival. A temporary phase of such stress, which can result from heavy …

Nanoparticles (NPs) promote the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of plasmid-borne antibiotic
resistance genes (ARGs) in pure bacterial culture, but the impact of NPs on ARG …

Nickel and cobalt are both essential trace elements that are toxic when present in excess.
The main resistance mechanism that bacteria use to overcome this toxicity is the efflux of …

Industrial activities often generate by-products that are difficult to degrade, harmful to the
environment and, toxic to most of the life forms on earth. Heavy metals are toxic elements …

Nickel is an essential metal for a number of bacterial species that have developed systems
for acquiring, delivering, and incorporating the metal into target enzymes and controlling the …

Abstract Arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), and copper (Cu) are among the major historical and
contemporary metal pollutants linked to global anthropogenic activities. Enterococcus have …

Abstract Background Heavy metal Resistance-Nodulation-Division (HME-RND) efflux
systems help Gram-negative bacteria to keep the intracellular homeostasis under high metal …

We describe the genetic organization of a copper-resistant plasmid containing copG and
cusCBA genes in the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Chromosomal variants of …