Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are a class of proteins with tyrosine kinase activity that
phosphorylate tyrosine residues of critical molecules in signaling pathways. Their basal …

Glucuronidation and sulfation are the most typical phase II metabolic reactions of drugs. The
resulting glucuronide and sulfate conjugates are generally considered inactive and safe …

The poor outcome of patients with non-surgically removable advanced hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC), the most frequent type of primary liver cancer, is mainly due to the high …

Resistance to cancer therapies has been a commonly observed phenomenon in clinical
practice, which is one of the major causes of treatment failure and poor patient survival. The …

The significance of the phenotypic plasticity afforded by epithelial–mesenchymal transition
(EMT) for cancer progression and drug resistance remains to be fully elucidated in the clinic …

Liver cancer is highly malignant and insensitive to cytotoxic chemotherapy and is associated
with very poor patient prognosis. In 2007, the small-molecule targeted drug sorafenib was …

One of the main difficulties in the management of patients with advanced
cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is their poor response to available chemotherapy. This is the …

Solute carrier (SLC) family transporters utilize an electrochemical potential difference or an
ion gradient generated by primary active transporters for transporting their substrates across …

Small molecular tyrosine kinase inhibitors (smTKIs) are in the centre of the very quickly
expanding area of personalized chemotherapy and oral applicability thereof. The number of …

This review provides a practical clinical perspective on the relevance of hepatic transporters
in pharmacokinetics and drug‐drug interactions (DDIs). Special emphasis is placed on …