The radiation from stars and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) creates photodissociation regions
(PDRs) and X-ray-dominated regions (XDRs), where the chemistry or heating is dominated …

Far-infrared and submillimeter wavelength surveys have now established the important role
of dusty, star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) in the assembly of stellar mass and the evolution of …

Context. Molecular gas is a necessary fuel for star formation. The CO (1− 0) transition is
often used to deduce the total molecular hydrogen but is challenging to detect in low …

Most of the celestial γ rays detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi
Gamma-ray Space Telescope originate from the interstellar medium when energetic cosmic …

We present a rich, multiwavelength, multiscale database built around the PHANGS–ALMA
CO (2− 1) survey and ancillary data. We use this database to present the distributions of …

CO line emission represents the most accessible and widely used tracer of the molecular
ISM. This renders the translation of observed CO intensity into total H2 gas mass critical to …

Over the past decade, observations of the cool interstellar medium (ISM) in distant galaxies
via molecular and atomic fine structure line (FSL) emission have gone from a curious look …

We combine the recent determination of the evolution of the cosmic density of molecular gas
(H 2) using deep, volumetric surveys, with previous estimates of the cosmic density of stellar …

Prediction of the soft X-ray absorption along lines of sight through our Galaxy is crucial for
understanding the spectra of extragalactic sources, but requires a good estimate of the …

We compare molecular gas traced by 12 CO (2–1) maps from the HERACLES survey, with
tracers of the recent star formation rate (SFR) across 30 nearby disk galaxies. We …