Substantial evidence demonstrates both nicotine's addiction liability and its cognition-
enhancing effects. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying nicotine's impact …

Nicotine withdrawal is associated with deficits in neurocognitive function including sustained
attention, working memory, and response inhibition. Several convergent lines of evidence …

Some rats [sign-trackers (STs)] are especially prone to attribute incentive salience to reward
cues, relative to others [goal-trackers (GTs)]. Thus, reward cues are more likely to promote …

Background Whereas acute nicotine administration alters brain function which may, in turn,
contribute to enhanced attention and performance, chronic cigarette smoking is linked with …

The etiopathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is extremely complex and heterogeneous,
often associated with comorbidities. As a result it may be unlikely that AD may be mitigated …

The group of schizophrenia disorders affects approximately 1% of the population and has
both genetic and environmental etiologies. Sufferers report various behavioral abnormalities …

Based on their pharmacological properties, psychoactive drugs are supposed to take control
of the natural reward system to finally drive compulsory drug seeking and consumption …

Cognitive enhancers (nootropics) are drugs to treat cognition deficits in patients suffering
from Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, stroke, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or …

This article is part of a Special Issue “Estradiol and Cognition”. While many studies in
humans have investigated the effects of estrogen and hormone therapy on cognition …

Background Recreational drugs are generally used to intentionally alter conscious
experience. Long-lasting cannabis users frequently seek this effect as a means to relieve …