The mammary gland is a compound, branched tubuloalveolar structure and a major
characteristic of mammals. The mammary gland has evolved from epidermal apocrine …

Cells are continuously exposed to diverse stimuli ranging from soluble endocrine and
paracrine factors, to signaling molecules on neighboring cells. It is of great importance that …

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the prototypical member of a family of
membrane-associated intrinsic tyrosine kinase receptors, the ErbB family. EGFR is activated …

A woman's breast cancer risk is affected by her reproductive history. The hormonal milieu
also influences the course of the disease. The female reproductive hormones, estrogens …

ERBB4 (HER4) is a member of the ERBB family of receptor tyrosine kinases, a family that
includes the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1/HER1), ERBB2 (Neu/HER2) …

The mammary gland is one of the most regenerative organs in the body, with the majority of
development occurring postnatally and in the adult mammal. Formation of the ductal tree is …

Female reproductive hormones control mammary gland morphogenesis. In the absence of
the progesterone receptor (PR) from the mammary epithelium, ductal side-branching fails to …

Targeted mice lacking functional EGF or amphiregulin (AR) were derived and bred to the
TGFα-knockout to generate mice lacking various combinations of the three ligands. In …

Estradiol is a major regulator of postnatal mammary gland development and thought to exert
its effects through estrogen receptor α (ERα) expressed in the mammary gland stroma and …

Background The epidermal growth factor receptor family consists of four members, ErbB1
(epidermal growth factor receptor-1), ErbB2, ErbB3, and ErbB4, which all have been found …