The intricacy of diseases, shaped by intrinsic processes like immune system exhaustion and
hyperactivation, highlights the potential of immune renormalization as a promising strategy …

Bidirectional interplay between the peripheral immune and nervous systems plays a crucial
role in maintaining homeostasis and responding to noxious stimuli. This crosstalk is …

Psoriasis, an autoimmune chronic inflammatory skin condition, has a high incidence in the
general population, reaching 2–4%. Its pathogenesis involves an interplay of genetic factors …

Background and Purpose Psoriasis is an autoimmune inflammatory skin disease, featuring
microvascular abnormalities and elevated levels of bradykinin. Contact activation of Factor …

The epidermis is the outermost skin layer and is part of one of the largest organs in the body;
it is supported by the dermis, a network of fibrils, blood vessels, pilosebaceous units, sweat …

Frequent itching and incessant scratching are commonly observed in various chronic
inflammatory skin conditions, including atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. The persistent and …

Vasoactive peptides often serve a multitude of functions aside from their direct effects on
vasodynamics. This article will review the existing literature on two vasoactive peptides and …

Background: The imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis mouse model has been used as a
model for pathogenic mechanism research, and methotrexate (MTX) is widely employed to …

Previous studies have shown that all kinin system is constitutively expressed in the normal
and inflamed skin, with a potential role in both physiological and pathological processes …

Background The kallikrein-kinin system is a key regulatory cascade involved in blood
pressure maintenance, hemostasis, inflammation and renal function. Currently, approved …