Estrogens generated within endocrine organs and the reproductive system act as ligands for
at least three types of estrogen receptors. Estrogen receptors α (ERα) and β (ERβ) belong to …

The role of plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) in shaping the feeding decisions, habitat
suitability, and reproductive success of herbivorous mammals has been a major theme in …

Recent evidence suggests that several extinct primates, including contemporaneous
Paranthropus boisei and Theropithecus oswaldi in East Africa, fed largely on grasses and …

As habitat loss and fragmentation place growing pressure on endangered nonhuman
primate populations, researchers find increasing evidence for novel responses in behavior …

Objectives Raising offspring imposes energetic costs, especially for female mammals.
Consequently, seasons favoring high energy intake and sustained positive energy balance …

Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are bound by steroid receptors, have steroid-like effects, and by
this, negatively influence hormone-regulated processes. Phytoestrogens, which are …

Living plants produce a diversity of chemicals that share structural and functional properties
with vertebrate hormones. Wildlife species interact with these chemicals either through …

Context Studies of Phoma black stem and leaf spot disease (caused by Phoma medicaginis)
in annual medics (Medicago spp.) normally involve a 'once-only'inoculation not reflecting …

Parallel laser photogrammetry (PLP), which consists of attaching two or three parallel laser
beams at a known inter‐beam distance to a camera, can be used to collect morphological …

Non-invasive measurement of urinary cortisol is a proven method of evaluating the impact of
environmental stressors on wild primates. Variation in cortisol concentrations can reflect …