Brain aging is a complex process that affects everything from the subcellular to the organ
level, begins early in life, and accelerates with age. Morphologically, brain aging is primarily …

All mammalian cell membranes contain cholesterol to maintain membrane integrity. The
transport of this hydrophobic lipid is mediated by lipoproteins. Cholesterol is especially …

Normal ageing is associated with impairments in cognitive function, including memory.
These impairments are linked, not to a loss of neurons in the forebrain, but to specific and …

This review describes unique neuromodulatory influences on working memory prefrontal
cortical (PFC) circuits that coordinate cognitive strength with arousal state. Working memory …

Synapse dysfunction and loss are hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases that correlate
with cognitive decline. However, the mechanisms and therapeutic strategies to prevent or …

Exosomes are small bilipid layer-enclosed extracellular vesicles that can be found in tissues
and biological fluids. As a key cell-to-cell and distant communication mediator, exosomes …

Synapses connect neurons together to form the circuits of the brain, and their molecular
composition controls innate and learned behavior. We analyzed the molecular and …

Microglia are the predominant immune response cells and professional phagocytes of the
central nervous system (CNS) that have been shown to be important for brain development …

The estimation of the number or density of neurons and types of glial cells and their relative
proportions in different brain areas are at the core of rigorous quantitative neuroanatomical …

The amyloid hypothesis (AH) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) posits that the fundamental cause
of AD is the accumulation of the peptide amyloid beta (Aβ) in the brain. This hypothesis has …