Abstract Background New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) comprise in silico and in vitro
methods applied as alternative to animal testing. Even though NAMs are already fully …

Carboxylesterases (CES) are an important class of enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of a
range of chemicals and show large inter-individual variability in vitro. An extensive literature …

While whole animal studies have their place in risk assessment of food and feed
components, it is thought that more modern approaches such as human focused new …

The major human cytochrome P450 CYP2D6 isoform enzyme plays important roles in the
liver and in the brain with regards to xenobiotic metabolism. Xenobiotics as CYP2D6 …

UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are involved in phase II conjugation reactions of
xenobiotics and differences in their isoform activities result in interindividual kinetic …

The input into the QIVIVE and Physiologically-Based kinetic and dynamic models of drug
metabolising enzymes performance and their inter-individual differences significantly …

In chemical risk assessment, default uncertainty factors are used to account for interspecies
and interindividual differences, and differences in toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics herein …

This external scientific report summarises the results from thearticle 36 grant
GA/EFSA/SCER/2015/01 ″Modelling human variability in toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic …

In the modern world, chemicals are ubiquitous, and humans, animals and species in the
environment are exposed to an increasing number, both of anthropogenic and natural …

Transporters are divided into the ABC and SLC super-families, mediating the cellular efflux
and influx of various xenobiotic and endogenous substrates. Here, an extensive literature …