Traditional flapping-wing robots (FWRs) obtain lift and thrust by relying on the passive
deformation of their wings which cannot actively fold or deform. In contrast, flying creatures …

Small insects perform agile locomotion, such as running, jumping, and flying. Recently,
many robots, inspired by such insect performance, have been developed and are expected …

Unlike other insects, a butterfly uses a small amplitude of the wing-pitch motion for flight.
From an analysis of the dynamics of real flying butterflies, we show that the restrained …

Butterflies fly with an abdomen oscillating relative to the thorax; the abdominal oscillation
causes body parts to undulate translationally relative to the center of mass of a butterfly …

As airflow information is significant in various fields, several airflow measurement devices
have been developed. Differential pressure (DP)-type sensors, including pitot tubes, are …

In nature the body motion of a butterfly is clearly observed to involve periodic rotation and
varied flight modes. The maneuvers of a butterfly in flight are unique. Based on the flight …

The wings of butterflies are relatively heavier than those of other insects, and the inertial
force and torque due to the wing mass are likely to have a significant effect on agility and …

A butterfly with broad wings, flapping at a small frequency, flies an erratic trajectory at an
inconstant speed. A large variation of speed within a cycle is observed in the forward flight of …

Up to now, the take-off stage has remained an elusive phase of insect flight that was
relatively poorly explored compared with other maneuvers. An overall assessment of the …

Dragonflies achieve agile maneuverability by flapping four wings independently. Different
phase angles between the flapping forewing and hindwing have been observed during …