Rocky planets are common around other stars, but their atmospheric properties remain
largely unconstrained. Thanks to a wealth of recent planet discoveries and upcoming …

We describe how environmental context can help determine whether oxygen (O2) detected
in extrasolar planetary observations is more likely to have a biological source. Here we …

We have collected transit times for the TRAPPIST-1 system with the Spitzer Space
Telescope over four years. We add to these ground-based, HST, and K2 transit-time …

One aim of modern astronomy is to detect temperate, Earth-like exoplanets that are well
suited for atmospheric characterization. Recently, three Earth-sized planets were detected …

Thousands of exoplanets have now been discovered with a huge range of masses, sizes
and orbits: from rocky Earth-like planets to large gas giants grazing the surface of their host …

Context. The TRAPPIST-1 system hosts seven Earth-sized, temperate exoplanets orbiting an
ultra-cool dwarf star. As such, it represents a remarkable setting to study the formation and …

Transmission spectra are differential measurements that utilize stellar illumination to probe
transiting exoplanet atmospheres. Any spectral difference between the illuminating light …

Abstract The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will offer the first opportunity to
characterize terrestrial exoplanets with sufficient precision to identify high mean molecular …

The critical first step in the search for life on exoplanets over the next decade is to determine
whether rocky planets transiting small M-dwarf stars possess atmospheres and, if so, what …

Planets intermediate in size between the Earth and Neptune, and orbiting closer to their host
stars than Mercury does the Sun, are the most common type of planet revealed by exoplanet …