Loss of functional β-cell mass is the key mechanism leading to the two main forms of
diabetes mellitus—type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) …

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which T cells attack and destroy the
insulin-producing β cells in the pancreatic islets. Genetic and environmental factors increase …

Chronic, unresolved tissue inflammation is a well-described feature of obesity, type 2
diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and other insulin-resistant states. In this context, adipose tissue …

Monocytes (Mo) and macrophages (Mϕ) are key components of the innate immune system
and are involved in regulation of the initiation, development, and resolution of many …

The nature of obesity-associated islet inflammation and its impact on β cell abnormalities
remains poorly defined. Here, we explore immune cell components of islet inflammation and …

Macrophages play a key role in defending against foreign pathogens, healing wounds, and
regulating tissue homeostasis. Driving this versatility is their phenotypic plasticity, which …

Macrophages are a heterogeneous group of cells that are capable of carrying out distinct
functions in different tissues, as well as in different locations within a given tissue. Some of …

C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), known also as DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 and
as growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 153 (GADD153), is induced in …

It is increasingly appreciated that the pathogenic mechanisms of type 1 diabetes involve
both the autoimmune aggressors and their beta cell targets, which engage in a conflicting …

T-cell mediated immune responses should be regulated to avoid the development of
autoimmune or chronic inflammatory diseases. Several mechanisms have been described …