Keratoconus is the most common corneal ectatic disorder. It is characterized by progressive
corneal thinning with resultant irregular astigmatism and myopia. Its prevalence has been …

This review provides a comprehensive overview on the biomedical applications of electrical
stimulation (EStim). EStim has a wide range of direct effects on both biomolecules and cells …

Corneal collagen crosslinking has revolutionized the treatment of keratoconus and post-
refractive corneal ectasia in the past decade. Corneal crosslinking with riboflavin and …

Keratoconus (KC) shows several distinctive features in clinical appearance, disease
progression, and treatment in children compared with adults. Therefore, diagnostic, clinical …

Topical ophthalmic antibiotics show low efficacy due to the well-known physiological
defense mechanisms of the eye, which prevents the penetration of exogenous substances …

Purpose: There has been a recent explosion in the variety of techniques used to accomplish
corneal cross-linking (CXL) for the treatment of ectatic corneal diseases. To understand the …

Purpose To compare clinical outcomes of transepithelial corneal cross-linking using
iontophoresis (T-ionto CL) and standard corneal cross-linking (standard CL) for the …

Aim. To evaluate two different techniques of cross‐linking: standard epithelium‐off (CXL epi‐
off) versus transepithelial (CXL epi‐on) cross‐linking in patient with progressive …

Abstract Corneal cross-linking (CXL), introduced by Wollensak et al. in 2003, is a minimally
invasive procedure to halt the progression of keratoconus. Conventional CXL is …

Background: Iontophoresis is a noninvasive delivery system designed to overcome barriers
to ocular penetration of topical ophthalmic medications by employing a low-amplitude …