Scholars for a long time theorized about the role of political leaders, but empirical research
has been limited by the lack of systematic data about individual leaders. Archigos is a new …

Do economic sanctions destabilize the governments they target? A form of foreign pressure,
sanctions are typically meant to alter the policies of other countries. There is much …

Mediation has become a common technique for terminating violent conflicts both within and
between states; while mediation has a strong record in reducing hostilities, it is not without …

Abstract Since the 1995-96 Taiwan Strait crisis, scholars and policymakers have become
increasingly concerned about China's territorial ambitions. Yet China has also used …

According to the diversionary theory of war, unpopular leaders generate foreign policy crises
to both divert the public's attention away from the discontent with their rule and bolster their …

A formal model of crisis bargaining in the shadow of leadership turnover is analyzed where
(1) successive leaders of the same state may differ in their resolve,(2) their resolve is private …

Most of the burgeoning theoretical and empirical literature on the role of leaders in
comparative politics and international relations is built on the assumption that leaders …

There is a strong scholarly consensus that domestic revolutions create conditions ripe for
international conflict. Traditionally scholars have treated revolutions as events, after which …

Of all the issues in international relations, disputes over territory are the most salient and
most likely to lead to armed conflict. Understanding their endurance is of paramount …

Oil-exporting states, or petrostates, engage in militarized interstate disputes (MIDs) at a
much higher rate on average than nonpetrostates. Why is this so? Further, what explains the …