This review summarizes the brain mechanisms controlling sleep and wakefulness.
Wakefulness promoting systems cause low-voltage, fast activity in the …

For decades, numerous seminal studies have built our understanding of the locus coeruleus
(LC), the vertebrate brain's principal noradrenergic system. Containing a numerically small …

Mammalian brains generate internal activity independent of environmental stimuli. Internally
generated states may bring about distinct cortical processing modes. To investigate how …

Increasing numbers of overweight children and adults are presenting to sleep medicine
clinics for evaluation and treatment of sleepiness. Sleepiness negatively affects quality of …

Multiple neuronal systems contribute to the promotion and maintenance of the wake state,
which is characterized by cortical activation and behavioral arousal. Using predominantly …

As one of the fundamental sleep states, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is believed to be
associated with dreaming and is characterized by low-voltage, fast electroencephalographic …

The hypocretin (HCRT) neurons are located only in the perifornical area of the lateral
hypothalamus and heavily innervate the cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain (BF) …

Sleep control depends on a delicate interplay among brain regions. This generates a
complex temporal architecture with numerous sleep-stage transitions and intermittent …

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the neurobiology of waking and sleeping.
Waking and sleeping are actively generated by neuronal systems distributed through the …

The mammalian medial vestibular nucleus (MVe) receives input from all vestibular
endorgans and provides extensive projections to the central nervous system. Recent studies …