Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results when external physical forces impact the head with
sufficient intensity to cause damage to the brain. TBI can be mild, moderate, or severe and …

Migraine is a severe and common primary headache disorder, characterized by pain as well
as a plethora of non-painful symptoms. Among these, visual phenomena have long been …

Visual snow syndrome (VSS) is becoming increasingly recognised by clinicians and self-
diagnosed by our patients thanks to online search tools. Previously this phenomenon was …

Visual snow syndrome (VSS) is a rarely diagnosed neurological phenomenon. It is a visual
disorder characterised by the presence of numerous white, black, or translucent dots in the …

The primary symptom of visual snow syndrome (VSS) is the unremitting perception of small,
flickering dots covering the visual field. VSS is a serious but poorly understood condition that …

Patients with visual snow (VS) symptoms present to neuro-ophthalmology clinics with
increasing frequency. The differential diagnosis is large, and it remains unclear as to …

Purpose Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) usually manifests as photopsia,
enlarged blind spots, scotomas, and blurred vision, which can be classified into positive and …

2 CIUFFREDA, TANNEN, TANNEN, ET AL at least two of the following four: palinopsia
(abnormal persistence or recurrence of an image in time: Fig. 2), photosensitivity, enhanced …

Visual snow syndrome (VSS) is a visual perception disorder characterized by persistent
positive visual symptoms described by patients as “tiny dots, pixel vision, interference as on …

The Heidenhain Variant of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) is an uncommon early clinical
syndrome of the otherwise regular sporadic CJD, which belongs to the group of prion …