▪ Abstract Several members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family function after
initial T cell activation to sustain T cell responses. This review focuses on CD27, 4-1BB …

Technological advances in recent years have allowed for an ever-expanding ability to
analyze and quantify in vivo immune responses. MHC tetramers, intracellular cytokine …

Abstract Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), although revolutionary in improving long-term
survival outcomes, are mostly effective in patients with immune-responsive tumors. Most …

The tumor necrosis factor receptor family member 4‐1BB plays a key role in the survival of
activated and memory CD8+ T cells. Depending on the disease model, 4‐1BB can …

Although inflammatory cytokines induced by infection or vaccination with adjuvants have
long been known to stimulate optimal antigen-presenting cell function, recent evidence …

Costimulatory signals from dendritic cells (DCs) are required for naive T cells to respond to
antigenic stimulation. To what extent DCs reactivate memory T cells during recall responses …

Immunotherapy, powered by its relative efficacy and safety, has become a prominent
therapeutic strategy utilized in the treatment of a wide range of diseases, including cancer …

Immunological memory and exhaustion are fundamental features of adaptive immunity.
Recent advances reveal increasing heterogeneity and diversity among CD8 T-cell subsets …

Independent studies have shown that CD27, 4-1BB, and OX40 can all promote survival of
activated CD8+ T cells. We have therefore compared their impact on CD8+ memory T cell …

During an acute immune response, CD8 T cells undergo rapid expansion followed by a
contraction phase during which the majority of activated T cells die, leaving a few survivors …