Silver, known in metallic form since antiquity, has very early been recognized by mankind for
its antimicrobial properties, a phenomenon observed, for example, in the context of drinking …

Infectious diseases remain one of the principal causes of morbidity and mortality in the
world. Relevant authorities including the WHO and CDC have expressed serious concern …

Silver is considered as antibacterial agent with well-known mode of action and bacterial
resistance against it is well described. The development of nanotechnology provided …

Copper is a metallic element that is crucial for cell metabolism; however, in extended
concentrations, it is toxic for all living organisms. The dual nature of copper has forced …

Rresistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux pumps in Gram-negative bacteria remove
multiple, structurally distinct classes of antimicrobials from inside bacterial cells therefore …

Investigating the interactions between nanoscale materials and microorganisms is crucial to
provide a comprehensive, proactive understanding of nanomaterial toxicity and explore the …

Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria are a global threat with many common infections
becoming increasingly difficult to eliminate. While significant effort has gone into the …

Infections caused by bacteria are a leading cause of death worldwide. Although antibiotics
remain a key clinical therapy, their effectiveness has been severely compromised by the …

Bacteria have evolved several transport mechanisms to maintain metal homeostasis and to
detoxify the cell. One mechanism involves an RND (r esistance-n odulation-cell d ivision …

Copper homeostasis in bacteria is challenged by periodic elevation of copper levels in the
environment, arising from both natural sources and human inputs. Several mechanisms …