Introduction: Five anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents have received regulatory
approval for use in rheumatology: adalimumab, golimumab, infliximab, certolizumab, and …

Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease involving interactions between
keratinocytes and immune cells that significantly affects the quality of life. It is characterized …

Background & Aims The risk of infection associated with tumor necrosis factor antagonists
(anti-TNF) and thiopurines (combination therapy) is uncertain. We assessed the risk of …

The human immune system involves highly complex and coordinated processes in which
small proteins named cytokines play a key role. Cytokines have been implicated in the …

The study aimed to develop evidence-based recommendations regarding the evaluation
and use of biosimilars to treat rheumatological diseases. The task force comprised an expert …

Objectives To evaluate the risk of opportunistic infections (OIs) in patients with rheumatoid
arthritis (RA) treated with tofacitinib. Methods Phase II, III and long-term extension clinical …

Background The present review is part of the ESCMID Study Group for Infections in
Compromised Hosts (ESGICH) Consensus Document on the safety of targeted and …

The past 2 decades have seen a revolution in our approach to therapeutic
immunosuppression. We have moved from relying on broadly active traditional medications …

Importance Herpes zoster reactivation disproportionately affects patients with rheumatoid
arthritis (RA). It is unclear whether anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy elevates …

Background Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare phagocytic disorder that results
in not only infections but also potentially severe inflammatory manifestations that can be …