Once acquired, a fearful memory can persist for a lifetime. Although learned fear can be
extinguished, extinction memories are fragile. The resilience of fear memories to extinction …

Technological advances over the last decade are changing the face of behavioral
neuroscience research. Here we review recent work on the use of one such transformative …

The hippocampus is assumed to retrieve memory by reinstating patterns of cortical activity
that were observed during learning. To test this idea, we monitored the activity of individual …

Ketamine has been found to have rapid and potent antidepressant activity. However, despite
the ubiquitous brain expression of its molecular target, the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor …

The amygdala is essential for fear learning and expression. The central amygdala (CeA),
once viewed as a passive relay between the amygdala complex and downstream fear …

Early sensory experience instructs the maturation of neural circuitry in the cortex,. This has
been studied extensively in the primary visual cortex, in which loss of vision to one eye …

Behavioral choices that ignore prior experience promote exploration and unpredictability but
are seemingly at odds with the brain's tendency to use experience to optimize behavioral …

Social isolation during the juvenile critical window is detrimental to proper functioning of the
prefrontal cortex (PFC) and establishment of appropriate adult social behaviors. However …

Nestin-Cre mice have a significant metabolic phenotype that is hard to discern from current
literature. Indeed, the Cre-lox system has numerous problems that can affect physiological …

Appropriate axonal growth and connectivity are essential for functional wiring of the brain.
Joubert syndrome-related disorders (JSRD), a group of ciliopathies in which mutations …