This review focuses on mechanisms and emerging concepts that drive the science of stroke
in a therapeutic direction. Once considered exclusively a disorder of blood vessels, growing …

Spreading depolarizations (SD) are waves of abrupt, near-complete breakdown of neuronal
transmembrane ion gradients, are the largest possible pathophysiologic disruption of viable …

The term spreading depolarization describes a wave in the gray matter of the central
nervous system characterized by swelling of neurons, distortion of dendritic spines, a large …

Severe traumatic brain injury remains a major health-care problem worldwide. Although
major progress has been made in understanding of the pathophysiology of this injury, this …

Cortical spreading depression (CSD) and depolarization waves are associated with
dramatic failure of brain ion homeostasis, efflux of excitatory amino acids from nerve cells …

Many advances have been achieved in terms of understanding the molecular and cellular
mechanisms of ischemic stroke. But thus far, clinically effective neuroprotectants remain …

Punctuated episodes of spreading depolarizations erupt in the brain, encumbering tissue
structure and function, and raising fascinating unanswered questions concerning their …

The term spreading depolarization (SD) refers to waves of abrupt, sustained mass
depolarization in gray matter of the CNS. SD, which spreads from neuron to neuron in …

Cortical spreading depolarization (CSD) is a promising target for neuroprotective therapy in
traumatic brain injury (TBI). We explored the effect of NMDA receptor antagonism on …

Background Pathological waves of spreading mass neuronal depolarisation arise
repeatedly in injured, but potentially salvageable, grey matter in 50–60% of patients after …