During nervous system development, neurons extend axons to reach their targets and form
functional circuits. The faulty assembly or disintegration of such circuits results in disorders …

The hedgehog (Hh) family comprises sonic hedgehog (Shh), Indian hedgehog (Ihh), and
desert hedgehog (Dhh), which are versatile signaling molecules involved in a wide …

The spinal cord receives, relays and processes sensory information from the periphery and
integrates this information with descending inputs from supraspinal centres to elicit precise …

Highlights•The morphogens Shh, BMPs and Wnts are also axon guidance molecules.•Shh,
BMPs and Wnts do not guide axons via their canonical signaling pathways.•Instead …

An important model for axon pathfinding is provided by guidance of embryonic commissural
axons from dorsal spinal cord to ventral midline floor plate (FP). FP cells produce a …

Axon guidance relies on a combinatorial code of receptor and ligand interactions that direct
adhesive/attractive and repulsive cellular responses. Recent structural data have revealed …

Damaged central nervous system (CNS) neurons have a poor ability to spontaneously
regenerate, causing persistent functional deficits after injury. Therapies that stimulate axon …

Summary The small GTPase Arl13b is enriched in primary cilia and regulates Sonic
hedgehog (Shh) signaling. During neural development, Shh controls patterning and …

Fusicoccin is the α glucoside of a carbotricyclic diterpene, produced by the fungus
Phomopsis amygdali (previously classified as Fusicoccum amygdali), the causal agent of …

A morphogen is a signaling molecule that induces specific cellular responses depending on
its local concentration. The concept of morphogenic gradients has been a central paradigm …