Context guides perception by influencing stimulus saliency. Accordingly, in visual cortex,
responses to a stimulus are modulated by context, the visual scene surrounding the …

From mouse to primate, there is a striking discontinuity in our current understanding of the
neural coding of motion direction. In non-primate mammals, directionally selective cell types …

The retina is an ideal model for understanding the fundamental rules for how neural
networks are constructed. The compact neural networks of the retina perform all of the initial …

Highlights•Functional properties of excitatory inputs onto cortical neurons are more
diverse.•Cortical neurons can receive imbalanced synaptic excitation and inhibition.•Current …

Antagonistic interactions between center and surround receptive field (RF) components lie
at the heart of the computations performed in the visual system. Circularly symmetric center …

Retinal bipolar cells are second-order neurons that transmit basic features of the visual
scene to postsynaptic partners. However, their contribution to motion detection has not been …

En route from the retina to the cortex, visual information passes through the dorsolateral
geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of the thalamus, where extensive corticothalamic (CT) feedback …

The ability to encode the direction of image motion is fundamental to our sense of vision.
Direction selectivity along the four cardinal directions is thought to originate in direction …

Motion sensing is a critical aspect of vision. We studied the representation of motion in
mouse retinal bipolar cells and found that some bipolar cells are radially direction selective …

Orientation is one of the most salient features in visual scenes. Neurons at multiple levels of
the visual system detect orientation, but in many cases, the underlying biophysical …