Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is arguably the most conspicuous feature of bacterial
evolution. Evidence for HGT is found in most bacterial genomes. Although HGT can …

In experimental evolution, laboratory-controlled conditions select for the adaptation of
species, which can be monitored in real time. Despite the current popularity of such …

Microbial experimental evolution uses controlled laboratory populations to study the
mechanisms of evolution. The molecular analysis of evolved populations enables empirical …

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) confers the rapid acquisition of novel traits and is pervasive
throughout microbial evolution. Despite the central role of HGT, the evolutionary forces that …

The long-term evolution experiment (LTEE) with Escherichia coli began in 1988 and it
continues to this day, with its 12 populations having recently reached 75,000 generations of …

Although recombination is accepted to be common in bacteria, for many species robust
phylogenies with well-resolved branches can be reconstructed from whole genome …

Analyses of multiple whole-genome sequences from the same species have revealed that
differences in gene content can be substantial, particularly in prokaryotes. Such variation …

Reversing the evolution of traits harmful to humans, such as antimicrobial resistance, is a
key ambition of applied evolutionary biology. A major impediment to reverse evolution is the …

Mosaic plasmids, plasmids composed of genetic elements from distinct sources, are
associated with the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. Transposons are considered the …

Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 (SPI-1) encodes a type three secretion system (T3SS),
effector proteins, and associated transcription factors that together enable invasion of …