Autophagy is a core molecular pathway for the preservation of cellular and organismal
homeostasis. Pharmacological and genetic interventions impairing autophagy responses …

Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that participate in ATP generation and involve
calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress response, and apoptosis. Dysfunctional or damaged …

Approximately half of the patients with signs and symptoms of heart failure have a left
ventricular ejection fraction that is not markedly abnormal. Despite the historically initial …

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology
and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The …

COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that mostly
affects the respiratory system. The consequent inflammation is not able to clear viruses. The …

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) develops when cardiac output falls as a
result of cardiac injury. The most well-recognized of the compensatory homeostatic …

Cardiac hypertrophy is often initiated as an adaptive response to haemodynamic stress or
myocardial injury, and allows the heart to meet an increased demand for oxygen. Although …

Association of diabetes with an elevated risk of cardiac failure has been clinically evident.
Diabetes potentiates diastolic and systolic cardiac failure following the myocardial infarction …

Background & Aims Endothelial dysfunction plays an essential role in liver injury, yet the
phenotypic regulation of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) remains unknown …

ABSTRACT Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce cardiovascular
mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus but the protective mechanism remains elusive …