The crystalline silicon (c-Si) based technologies occupy 95% market share in the global
photovoltaic (PV) production capacity. The conversion efficiency of silicon heterojunction …

Magnesium silicides can be used for thermoelectric energy conversion as high values of
figure of merit zT were obtained for n-type (1.4 at 500° C) and p-type (0.55 at 350° C) …

Copper is a low-cost, low-damage alternative to Ag paste for front-side metallization of
crystalline Si (c-Si) solar cells, but requires conductive diffusion barriers like Ni or NiSi …

Fabricating bimetallic structures using various additive manufacturing processes is an
ingenious way to integrate different material properties in a single component. This study …

An industry-ready strategic process for the fabrication of cost-effective, micropatterned Ni–
Cu–Sn front contact metallization has been demonstrated using maskless direct-write …

Due to the lower cost compared to screen-printed silver contacts, the Ni/Cu/Ag contacts
formed by plating have been continuously studied as a potential metallization technology for …

The first solar cell, demonstrated by Bell Labs in 1954, received limited attention as a
possible energy source. The launch of the first Soviet Sputnik triggered the research on solar …

Employing copper (Cu) plating as an alternative to screen-printed silver (Ag) for silicon (Si)
solar cells can offer significant cost benefits. However, concerns that Cu may penetrate …

Copper metallization has the potential to introduce into solar cell front side contact instead of
screen printing. However, copper can react with silicon to form copper silicide quickly. A …

This paper reports the results of studies comparing various patterning and electroplating
methods for the deposition of Cu electrodes for silicon heterojunction solar cells, as well as …