Pain is a multidimensional experience with sensory-discriminative, affective-motivational,
and cognitive-evaluative components. Pain aversiveness is one principal cause of suffering …

Chronic, pathological pain remains a global health problem and a challenge to basic and
clinical sciences. A major obstacle to preventing, treating, or reverting chronic pain has been …

INTRODUCTION Empathy, the adoption of another's sensory and emotional state, plays a
critical role in social interactions. Although, historically, empathy was often considered to be …

Placebo effects are beneficial effects that are attributable to the brain–mind responses to the
context in which a treatment is delivered rather than to the specific actions of the drug. They …

Chronic pain affects a large part of the population causing functional disability, being often
associated with coexisting psychological disorders, such as depression and anxiety …

Phenomena such as placebo analgesia or pain relief through distraction highlight the
powerful influence cognitive processes and learning mechanisms have on the way we …

The mammalian nervous system encodes many different forms of pain, from those that arise
as a result of short-term low-grade interactions with noxious thermal, chemical, or …

Loss of dopamine in Parkinson's disease is hypothesized to impede movement by inducing
hypo-and hyperactivity in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) of the direct (dSPNs) and …

The persistence of negative affect in pain leads to co-morbid symptoms such as anhedonia
and depression—major health issues in the United States. The neuronal circuitry and …

Sleep disturbances and chronic pain are considered public health concerns. They are
frequently associated, and the direction of its relationship and possible mechanisms …