Electroporation (EP) of outer cell membranes is widely used in research, biotechnology and
medicine. Now intracellular effects by organelle EP are of growing interest, mainly due to …

This issue of Current Problems in Surgery is devoted to" Injury by Electrical Forces," a topic
generally unfamiliar to surgeons since few of them have experience with this type of trauma …

Methods and apparatus are provided for non-continuous cir cumferential treatment of a body
lumen. Apparatus may be positioned within a body lumen of a patient and may deliver …

Methods and apparatus are provided for renal neuromodulation using a pulsed electric field
to effectuate electroporation or electrofusion. It is expected that renal neuromodulation (eg …

(57) ABSTRACT A method and apparatus for treatment of heart failure, hypertension and
renal failure by stimulating the renal nerve. The goal of therapy is to reduce sympathetic …

Aug. 16, 2007, noW Pat. No. 7,717,948, Which is a(Continued) continuation of application
No. 11/504,117,? led on continuatlon-m-part of apphcation No. 10/408,665,? led on Apr. 8 …

Methods and apparatus are provided for non-continuous circumferential treatment of a body
lumen. Apparatus may be positioned within a body lumen of a patient and may deliver …

Methods and apparatus are provided for intravascularly-in duced neuromodulation or
denervation. Neuromodulation may be achieved via direct and/or via indirect application of …

Methods and apparatus are provided for thermally-induced renal neuromodulation.
Thermally-induced renal neuromodulation may be achieved via direct and/or via indirect …

Methods and apparatus are provided for pulsed electric field neuromodulation via an intra-to-
extravascular approach, eg, to effectuate irreversible electroporation or electrofusion …