Resistance to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) has been observed in a
considerable proportion of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and it is reportedly …

The vitamin D receptor (VDR), in addition to other nuclear receptors, the pregnane X
receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), is involved in the regulation of …

Chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is the term used to describe
a constellation of biochemical abnormalities, bone disturbances that may lead to fractures …

There are many human extra-renal tissues and cells that biosynthesize 1α, 25-
dihydroxyvitamin D (1α, 25 (OH) 2D) by the action of CYP27B1/1α-hydroxylase. Human …

BACKGROUND: Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 [OH] D) levels have been associated
with chronic kidney disease in cross-sectional studies. However, this association has not …

Background: Erythropoietin-stimulating agent (ESA) hyporesponsiveness is commonly
observed in patients with anemia secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Because of its …

Purpose Despite new treatment strategies, anemia remains the most prevalent complication
in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We investigated whether 25 …

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a high risk of bone fracture owing to their
low bone mineral density, which resembles that of postmenopausal osteoporosis. However …

Background Traditionally, secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) due to low calcitriol
synthesis in failing kidneys has been treated with synthetic vitamin D receptor (VDR) …

Vitamin D is of paramount importance to skeletal development, integrity and health. Vitamin
D homeostatis is typically deranged in a number of chronic conditions, of which chronic …