The mammalian mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) includes complexes I‑IV, as
well as the electron transporters ubiquinone and cytochrome c. There are two electron …

Abstract Iron-sulfur (Fe–S) clusters are essential cofactors most commonly known for their
role mediating electron transfer within the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The Fe–S cluster …

This review examines the generation of reactive oxygen species by mammalian
mitochondria, and the status of different sites of production in redox signaling and pathology …

Mitochondrial production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide is potentially important in
cell signaling and disease. Eleven distinct mitochondrial sites that differ markedly in capacity …

Mitochondria in aerobic eukaryotic cells are both the site of energy production and the
formation of harmful species, such as radicals and other reactive oxygen species, known as …

Mitochondria are dynamic cellular organelles that consistently migrate, fuse, and divide to
modulate their number, size, and shape. In addition, they produce ATP, reactive oxygen …

Succinate is an important metabolite at the cross-road of several metabolic pathways, also
involved in the formation and elimination of reactive oxygen species. However, it is …

The oxidative phosphorylation electron transport chain (OXPHOS-ETC) of the inner
mitochondrial membrane is composed of five large protein complexes, named CI–CV. These …

Mitochondrial radical production is important in redox signaling, aging and disease, but the
relative contributions of different production sites are poorly understood. We analyzed the …

Respiratory complex II oxidizes succinate to fumarate as part of the Krebs cycle and reduces
ubiquinone in the electron transport chain. Previous experimental evidence suggested that …