Viewing metabolism through the lens of exercise biology has proven an accessible and
practical strategy to gain new insights into local and systemic metabolic regulation. Recent …

Low-grade inflammation is the hallmark of metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2
diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Emerging evidence indicates that these …

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activation by tryptophan (Trp) catabolites enhances tumor
malignancy and suppresses anti-tumor immunity. The context specificity of AHR target …

Neurological and mental illnesses account for a considerable proportion of the global
burden of disease. Exercise has many beneficial effects on brain health, contributing to …

The kynurenine pathway (KP) plays a critical role in generating cellular energy in the form of
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Because energy requirements are substantially …

L-Tryptophan is an essential amino acid required for protein synthesis. It undergoes an
extensive and complex metabolism along several pathways, resulting in many bioactive …

The gut microbiota has been linked to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D).
The underlying mechanisms as to how intestinal microbiota may contribute to T2D are only …

Kynurenic acid (KynA) is tissue protective in cardiac, cerebral, renal, and retinal ischemia
models, but the mechanism is unknown. KynA can bind to multiple receptors, including the …

Inflammation aims to restore tissue homeostasis after injury or infection. Age-related decline
of tissue homeostasis causes a physiological low-grade chronic inflammatory phenotype …

Lymphocytes maturing in the thymus (T cells) are key factors in adaptive immunity and the
regulation of inflammation. The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism includes …