Cilia are microscopic hair-like external cell organelles that are ubiquitously present in
nature, also within the human body. They fulfill crucial biological functions: motile cilia …

Stimuli‐responsive micro‐pillared structures can perform complex and precise tasks at the
microscale through dynamic and reversible deformation of the pillars in response to external …

Cilial pumping is a powerful strategy used by biological organisms to control and manipulate
fluids at the microscale. However, despite numerous recent advances in optically …

Biological cilia play essential roles in self-propulsion, food capture, and cell transportation
by performing coordinated metachronal motions. Experimental studies to emulate the …

In nature, many organisms have the ability to transport substances, such as bubbles,
droplets, or solids, on demand to meet their survival needs. Inspired by these distinct …

Biological cilia, hairlike organelles on cell surfaces, often exhibit collective wavelike motion
known as metachrony, which helps generating fluid flow. Inspired by nature, researchers …

The fluid manipulation capabilities of current artificial cilia are severely handicapped by the
inability to reconfigure near-surface flow on various static or dynamically deforming three …

Microscale and nanoscale cilia are ubiquitous in natural systems where they serve diverse
biological functions. Bioinspired artificial magnetic cilia have emerged as a highly promising …

One of the major challenges in modern robotics is controlling micromanipulation by active
and adaptive materials. In the respiratory system, such actuation enables pathogen …

Biological cilia often perform metachronal motion, that is, neighboring cilia move out of
phase creating a travelling wave, which enables highly efficient fluid pumping and body …