The interaction over time of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors (ie, autoimmune
ecology) increases or decreases the liability an individual would have to develop an …

Vitamin D is a steroid hormone traditionally connected to phosphocalcium metabolism. The
discovery of pleiotropic expression of its receptor and of the enzymes involved in its …

Vitiligo, the discoloration of the skin, has different autoimmune mechanisms reflected by
many biomarkers as shown by skin histology, staining for CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes …

Introduction Recent evidence suggested that vitamin D deficiency was associated with
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) pathogenesis and thyroid hypofunction. This study aimed to …

In recent years, there has been a significant amount of interest and vigorous studies on
mutations related to innate immunity receptor genes such as Toll-like receptors (TLR), which …

Background Bibliometrics has been used to analyze the literature in the field of thyroid
disease studies in the early 21st century, indicating the changes in current international …

A growing number of patients suffer from autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune
thyroid disease. There has simultaneously been a significant increase in the prevalence of …

Introduction: Adipose tissue is immunologically and hormonally active, and these effects are
mediated largely by adipocytokines. Thyroid hormones regulate metabolism and organ …

Background Antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) serve as clinical markers of
thyroid autoimmune diseases (TAIDs). By trying to elucidate the causes of heterogeneity in …

Abstract Background Autoimmune (Hashimoto's thyroiditis) is characterized by a strong
female preponderance, which may suggest that sex hormones have an impact on thyroid …