This article reviews the pharmacology and physiology of opiate receptors and the current
and potential uses of opioid agonists and antagonists in clinical gastroenterology. μ …

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder
characterized by persistent symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and/or impulsivity. The …

The locus coeruleus (LC), the major noradrenergic nucleus of the brain, gives rise to fibres
innervating most structures of the neuraxis. Recent advances in neuroscience have helped …

Background Experimental studies and clinical observations suggest a possible role for
opioids to induce pain and hyperalgesia on withdrawal. The authors used a new …

OBJECTIVE. To determine if oral clonidine would reduce the duration of opioid detoxification
for neonatal abstinence syndrome. METHODS. Infants with intrauterine exposure to …

Clinical evidence suggests that–besides their well known analgesic activity–opioids can
increase rather than decrease sensitivity to noxious stimuli. Based on the observation that …

Background The surgical stress response plays an important role on the pathogenesis of
perioperative cardiac complications. Alpha‐2 adrenergic agonists attenuate this response …

Aim: To provide an overview of 5 Cochrane reviews of different approaches for treating
opioid withdrawal. Design: Narrative and quantitative summary of review findings …

Postoperative hyperalgesia (POH) is a condition characterized by signs and symptoms of
pain despite the provision of conventional analgesia. In most cases, anesthesiologists are …

The need to treat withdrawal syndromes is a common occurrence in outpatient, inpatient
ward, and intensive care unit (ICU) settings. A PubMed and Google Scholar search using …