A ubiquitously expressed cytokine, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) plays a
significant role in various ongoing cellular mechanisms. The gain or loss-of-function of TGF …

The progression of a tumour from one of benign and delimited growth to one that is invasive
and metastatic is the major cause of poor clinical outcome in cancer patients. The invasion …

The programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) gene was originally identified as a tumor-related
gene in humans and acts as a tumor-suppressor in mouse epidermal carcinoma cells …

Solar ultraviolet irradiation damages human skin and causes premature skin aging and skin
cancer. As transforming growth factor β plays an important role in regulating cell growth and …

Molecular Biology of Cancer has been extensively revised and covers heredity cancer,
microarray technology and increased study of childhood cancers. It continues to provide a …

Each year in the United States, colon cancer is diagnosed in nearly 140,000 men and
women and leads to the death of nearly 60,000. As such, it is the second leading cause of …

Abstract CD4+ CD25 bright regulatory T cells (T reg) play an important role in cancer-
mediated immunosuppression. We and others have previously shown that prostaglandin E2 …

TGF-β signaling in the endometrium is active during the implantation period and has a
pivotal role in regulating endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation. During embryo …

Alterations in TGF‐β signaling appear to be associated with an altered risk of developing
cancer, including breast cancer. We carried out a case‐control study on 8 polymorphisms …

The stroma is a considerable part of the tumor microenvironment. Because of its complexity,
it can influence both cancer and immune cells in their behavior and cross-talk. Aside from …