Genome folding through loop extrusion by SMC complexes

IF Davidson, JM Peters - Nature reviews Molecular cell biology, 2021 - nature.com
Genomic DNA is folded into loops and topologically associating domains (TADs), which
serve important structural and regulatory roles. It has been proposed that these genomic …

Regulation of gene expression by cis-acting long non-coding RNAs

N Gil, I Ulitsky - Nature Reviews Genetics, 2020 - nature.com
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are diverse transcription products emanating from
thousands of loci in mammalian genomes. Cis-acting lncRNAs, which constitute a …

Transcription shapes 3D chromatin organization by interacting with loop extrusion

EJ Banigan, W Tang… - Proceedings of the …, 2023 - National Acad Sciences
Cohesin folds mammalian interphase chromosomes by extruding the chromatin fiber into
numerous loops.“Loop extrusion” can be impeded by chromatin-bound factors, such as …

3D enhancer-promoter interactions and multi-connected hubs: Organizational principles and functional roles

CM Uyehara, E Apostolou - Cell reports, 2023 - cell.com
The spatiotemporal control of gene expression is dependent on the activity of cis-acting
regulatory sequences, called enhancers, which regulate target genes over variable genomic …

Looping the genome with SMC complexes

E Kim, R Barth, C Dekker - Annual review of biochemistry, 2023 - annualreviews.org
SMC (structural maintenance of chromosomes) protein complexes are an evolutionarily
conserved family of motor proteins that hold sister chromatids together and fold genomes …

[HTML][HTML] SMC complexes can traverse physical roadblocks bigger than their ring size

B Pradhan, R Barth, E Kim, IF Davidson, B Bauer… - Cell reports, 2022 - cell.com
Ring-shaped structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complexes like condensin and
cohesin extrude loops of DNA. It remains, however, unclear how they can extrude DNA …

Mechanisms of chromosome folding and nuclear organization: their interplay and open questions

L Mirny, J Dekker - Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in …, 2022 - cshperspectives.cshlp.org
Microscopy and genomic approaches provide detailed descriptions of the three-dimensional
folding of chromosomes and nuclear organization. The fundamental question is how activity …

Two major mechanisms of chromosome organization

LA Mirny, M Imakaev, N Abdennur - Current opinion in cell biology, 2019 - Elsevier
The spatial organization of chromosomes has long been connected to their polymeric nature
and is believed to be important for their biological functions, including the control of …

Transcription-induced domains form the elementary constraining building blocks of bacterial chromosomes

A Bignaud, C Cockram, C Borde, J Groseille… - Nature Structural & …, 2024 - nature.com
Transcription generates local topological and mechanical constraints on the DNA fiber,
leading to the generation of supercoiled chromosome domains in bacteria. However, the …

RNA polymerase II is required for spatial chromatin reorganization following exit from mitosis

S Zhang, N Übelmesser, N Josipovic, G Forte… - Science …, 2021 - science.org
Mammalian chromosomes are three-dimensional entities shaped by converging and
opposing forces. Mitotic cell division induces marked chromosome condensation, but …