Cichlid fishes are hypothesized to encompass several independent adaptive radiations that
display increased diversification rates and impressive ecological heterogeneity. Here, I …

Trade-offs are thought to bias evolution and are core features of many anatomical systems.
Therefore, trade-offs may have far-reaching macroevolutionary consequences, including …

Innovations can facilitate bursts of diversification by increasing access to novel resources
and the attainment of novel functional designs. Pharyngognathy, exhibited by highly diverse …

While much of the functional work on suction feeding has involved members of
Acanthopterygii, an earlier cypriniform radiation led to over 3200 species filling nearly every …

Morphological, lineage and ecological diversity can vary substantially even among closely
related lineages. Factors that influence morphological diversification, especially in …

Background Simpson envisaged a conceptual model of adaptive radiation in which lineages
diversify into “adaptive zones” within a macroevolutionary adaptive landscape. However …

Fish assemblages in tropical lowland rivers are characterized by a high richness of species
that feed on a diverse array of food resources. Although closely related species often have …

Evolutionary biologists characterize macroevolutionary trends of phenotypic change across
the tree of life using phylogenetic comparative methods. However, within‐species variation …

Cetaceans represent the most diverse clade of extant marine tetrapods. Although the
restructuring of oceans could have contributed to their diversity, other factors might also be …

Adaptive phenotypes are shaped by a combination of genetic and environmental forces, but
how they interact remains poorly understood. Here, we utilize the cichlid oral jaw apparatus …