Thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus are closely linked. Several studies have
documented the increased prevalence of thyroid disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus …

Background Over the past 20 years, insights from human and mouse genetics have
illuminated the central role of the brain leptin-melanocortin pathway in the control of …

During the past 30 yr, investigating the physiology of eating behaviors has generated a truly
vast literature. This is fueled in part by a dramatic increase in obesity and its comorbidities …

Recent insights into the pathophysiologic underlying mechanisms of obesity have led to the
discovery of several promising drug targets and novel therapeutic strategies to address the …

The life of all animals is dominated by alternating feelings of hunger and satiety—the main
involuntary motivations for feeding-related behaviour. Gut bacteria depend fully on their host …

The initial discovery that ob/ob mice become obese because of a recessive mutation of the
leptin gene has been crucial to discover the melanocortin pathway to control appetite. In the …

Hunger is a complex behavioural state that elicits intense food seeking and consumption.
These behaviours are rapidly recapitulated by activation of starvation-sensitive AGRP …

Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis function fundamentally affects the physiology of
eating. We review sex differences in the physiological and pathophysiological controls of …

Two intermingled hypothalamic neuron populations specified by expression of agouti-
related peptide (AGRP) or pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) positively and negatively influence …

Neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) that express agouti‐related peptide
(AgRP) govern a critical aspect of survival: the drive to eat. Equally important to survival is …