ROS are highly reactive molecules which consist of a number of diverse chemical species,
including radical and non-radical oxygen species. Oxidative stress occurs as a result of an …

This review reports in detail the cellular and molecular mechanisms which regulate the bone
remodeling process in relation to oxidative stress (OS), inflammatory factors, and estrogen …

Systematic bone loss is commonly complicated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs)
with unclear pathogenesis and uncertain treatment. In experimental colitis mouse models …

Interleukin-6 is a cytokine not only involved in inflammation and infection responses but also
in the regulation of metabolic, regenerative, and neural processes. In classic signaling …

Osteoarthritis (OA) was once defined as a non-inflammatory arthropathy, but it is now well-
recognized that there is a major inflammatory component to this disease. In addition to …

The transcription factor NF-κB is a family of proteins involved in signaling pathways essential
for normal cellular functions and development. Deletion of various components of this …

Sustained stress triggers series of changes in the brain and the body. At the early stage of
stress, the activated hypothalamus‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic nervous …

Osteoporosis can result from intestinal inflammation, as is seen with inflammatory bowel
disease. Probiotics, microorganisms that provide a health benefit to the host when ingested …

We explored the association between gut microbiota composition and bone mineral loss in
Chinese elderly people by high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing …

Background/objectives In chronic pancreatitis, malabsorption of fat is common due to loss of
exocrine function. Consequently, these patients are at risk to acquire deficiencies of the fat …