Graphene has recently gained significant interest owing to its advantageous
physicochemical and biological properties. However, its preparation strategies, main …

The article starts with a brief history of discovery of cancer biomarkers followed by statistical
data on published cancer biomarkers detection strategies in the last decade to demonstrate …

Background Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices have attracted considerable scientific attention
due to their ability to incorporate multiple complex analytical processes onto a single chip …

Nanozymes have piqued the curiosity of scientists in recent years because of their ability to
demonstrate enzyme-like activity combined with advantages such as high stability …

An effective and affordable technique for detecting a variety of substances of biological,
medical, and environmental significance is electrochemical sensing (ECS). Due to their …

A trace element copper (Cu2+) ion is the third most plentiful metal ion that necessary for all
living organisms and playing a critical role in several processes. Nonetheless, according to …

Graphene is a highly versatile two-dimensional carbon-based material employed in several
research areas having progressive characteristics comprising properties like high surface …

Microfluidics is very crucial in lab-on-a-chip systems for carrying out operations in a large-
scale laboratory environment on a single chip. Microfluidic systems are miniaturized devices …

Electrochemical (EC) bio-and chemosensors are highly promising for on-chip and point-of-
care testing (POST) devices. They can make a breakthrough in early cancer diagnosis. Most …

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that inherit molecular markers from their parent cells for
the transfer and delivery of membrane and cytosolic molecules between cells. Exosome …