The discovery of insulin 100 years ago and its application to the treatment of human disease
in the years since have marked a major turning point in the history of medicine. The …

Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of both type 1 and
type 2 diabetes. Insulin, which is produced in β-cells, is a critical regulator of metabolism …

Summary Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an age-related disease. Although changes in function
and proliferation of aged β cells resemble those preceding the development of diabetes, the …

Elevation in homocysteine (Hcy) level is associated with insulin resistance; however, the
causality between them and the underlying mechanism remain elusive. Here, we show that …

The epidemic of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance is one of the main causes
of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In both disorders, tissues such as muscle, fat and liver …

Replenishing insulin-producing pancreatic b cell mass will benefit both type I and type II
diabetics. In adults, pancreatic b cells are generated primarily by self-duplication. We report …

Diabetes is the result of having inadequate supply of functional insulin-producing β cells.
Two possible approaches for replenishing the β cells are:(1) replacement by transplanting …

Insulin resistance (IR) is fundamental to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and is
present in most prediabetic (preDM) individuals. Insulin resistance has both heritable and …

A C. elegans neurosecretory signaling system regulates whether animals enter the
reproductive life cycle or arrest development at the long-lived dauer diapause stage. daf-2, a …

Insulin receptors (IRs) and insulin signaling proteins are widely distributed throughout the
central nervous system (CNS). To study the physiological role of insulin signaling in the …